You can find a live demo with examples on my site:
http://www.anchor-ict.com/blog/user-info-add-concrete5
Profile
To allow visitors to use the profile button, you'll have to enable Public Profiles. It can be found in the dashboard:
yoursite/index.php/dashboard/system/registration/profiles
Badges
A badge is a special kind of group in concrete5. You can add icons to it and assign community points to it. To add a badge to a user, simply add the badge-group to the user.
Badges can be shown with the {ui_badges} tag in a 'User Info' block.
Attributes
First create a User Attribute at yoursite/index.php/dashboard/users/attributes.
After that, it will show up in ´User Info´ blocks under the drop-down menu for attributes.
It will have it's own class, allowing you to style it with CSS.